Furthermore, the spatial localization of networks is similar in preterm and full-term infants ( 6, 11, 12). RS-fc has been shown to provide information about brain maturity and integrity ( 9, 10). RS functional connectivity (RS-fc) then measures statistical dependencies between different brain regions, thus providing time-locked spatial patterns of functional connectivity or functional brain networks. One promising technique for studying development of brain function in newborns is resting-state (RS) fMRI, which allows the identification of large-scale functional networks, termed RS networks (RSNs), showing coordinated blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations linked to the infant’s spontaneous brain activity ( 5– 8). Noninvasive neuroimaging tools have provided new insights into the developmental changes occurring in the preterm brain ( 4). Preterm birth is associated with a high risk of developing structural and functional network alterations in the brain and, consequently, deficits in neurological outcomes ( 3). Furthermore, effects of a music intervention on brain network development have not been studied before. Factors that contribute to these variations are the type of music used (instrument, live or recorded, duration, and so forth), the duration of the exposure (often lasting only few days), various gestational ages (GA) at birth and at the time of the intervention, and diverse outcome measures (essentially behavioral observation, heart rate variability, and so forth) ( 2, 3). Nevertheless, these studies have produced equivocal results. A number of studies have considered the effects of music listening on preterm infants and have shown stabilizing effects on heart and respiratory rates, reductions in the number of apnea and bradycardia events per day, improved resting-energy expenditure, improved feeding, enhanced weight gain, and more mature sleep patterns most of these studies report a beneficial effect on at least one of these outcomes ( 1, 2). Music is the art of organizing sounds to generate a sophisticated combination of acoustic frequencies and musical structures that may exert a positive effect on preterm infants who receive care in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environments.